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Theydefended the Elephant Pass

1991 began as a difficult year for the Government of Sri Lanka. There were no military victories as such for the Government in the former Northern Province. In fact the LTTE had overrun the Army camps at Kokavil and Murunkan and the territory north of Vavuniya and south of Elephant Pass was completely under the control of the LTTE. So was the bulk of the Jaffna peninsula barring the Army camps at Palaly, Elephant Pass, Thondamanar, Madagal and Pooneryn, the Naval base at Karainagar and the Air Force base at Palaly.
Road map of the Jaffna.
In July the garrison at Elephant Pass under the command of Major Sanath Karunaratne of the 6th Battalion Sinha Regiment (6/SR) was under constant siege by the LTTE. As their pressure mounted the Government launched Operation "Balavegaya" a land, sea and air borne attack to save that garrison. Troops from the Second Division under Major-General Denzil Kobbekaduwa were ferried to Pullimodai in the Mullaitivu district, where a detachment from the Navy under Rear-Admiral Quitus Wickramaratne hadin readiness a flotilla of mechanized landing craft (LCM), Chinese built Shanghai gunboats, and Israeli built Dovra gunboarts. General Kobbekaduwa travelled in the mother ship SLNS "Wickrama" with his troops, the 3/SLLI (Lt. Col. Gamini Jayasundera), 3/Gajaba Regiment (Lt. Col. Seevali Wanigasekera). The Task Force Commander Brigadier Vijaya Wimalaratne was on the SLNS "Edithara" with Captain H.R. Amaraweera who commanded the flotilla, and Group Captain Dick Sally who co-ordinated the air operations.

Major-General Denzil Kobbekaduwa
The first attempt at a sea borne landing at Vettilakerni scheduled for 14:30 hours on July 15th 1991 met with stiff resistance. At the request of Brigadier Wimalaratne, the landing was delayed. At 18:00 hours under cover of fire from Naval gunboats and air support from low flying Sia Marchetti SF-260 aircraft directed by Wing Commander Sunil Cabral, the first wave led by Major Angolo Peiris, a huge officer from 3/SLLI, waded ashore. Resistance continued to be stiff but the 3/SLLI and the 3/GR secured a beachhead that night. Within 24 hours the balance of the 1st Brigade under the command of Col. Anton Wijendra and the 3rd Brigade under Col. Sarath Fonseka arrived after overcoming all manner of logistic problems ranging from low tide to artillery and armour getting stuck in the soft sea sand. Thereafter arrived a holding Brigade under the command of Col. Devinda Kalupahana. Once the beachhead was securely established, General Kobbekaduwa authorized Brigadier Wimalaratne was about 10 Km away.

In the meantime Elephant Pass was under siege. Anti-aircraft batteries prevented any helicopter borne assistance and Sia Marchetti aircraft were used to reliev the pressure by strafing the hinterland. Nevertheless the forward platoons of the LTTE were approaching the garrison, their armour including tractors converted into armoured cars. A former Buddhist priest, Corporal Gamini Kularatne of the 6/SR then crawled out of the garrison under machine gunfire. With total disregard for his own safety he approached an improvised armoured car. As the garrison watched in disbelief he mounted it and lobbed in his grenades thus destroying the vehicle before he was mown down by enemy fire. He was posthumously awarded the "Parama Weera Vibushanaya" our equivalent of the Victoria Cross. Later his ashes were taken to Hasalaka where he was given a Military funeral befitting a hero. Today a statue at Hasalaka perpetuates the memory of this former Buddhist priest who gave up his robes and joined the Army after the massacre of 27 Buddhist priests and noviciates at Arantalawa by the LTTE.

Parama weera vibushana Medal.
In the meantime Brigadier Wimalaratne was leading two Brigades which were advancing at only 500 to 1,000 metres a day because the terrain was heavily mined and resistance was even more stiff than at Vadamarachchi in 1987. Casualties were heavy and among those killed in action was Major Angelo Peiris. Postumously promoted to the rank of Lt. Colonel he too was given a Military funeral befitting a hero at his hometown in Wattala. By now General Kobbekaduwa had under him approximately 4,000 troops as against an estimated enemy strength of 5,000 to 6,000. Despite the complete air superiority which he had, his troops were severely taxed and at the end of one week they had advanced only 3 Kms, to the Muliyan Kovil, after suffering heavy casualties. By this time Lt. Colonel Sanath Karunaratne commanding the garrison and given a battlefield promotion, was also under severe strain. The garrison had run out of fresh food and was running low on fresh water. Besides the casualties were heavy and any evacuation by helicopter abandoned after several attempted landing were aborted because of heavy ground fire. Against this background Sergent-Major Godamunne of the Medical Corps serving at Elephant Pass was inquiring on the radio from Army doctors at the field hospital at Vetteleikerni on how best to treat a soldier who was bleeding to death with his leg shattered below the knee. Instruction were relayed by radio on the instructions successfully. He was given a battlefield commission.

The first sign of victory was in the third week when Major Shiran Jinasena of the 1/SLAC commanding a squadron of Saladin armoured cars broke through enemy lines despite two of his vehicles reinforcements earlier that week then regrouped his armour. Saladin and Saracen armoured cars from the 1/SLAC and 3/SLAC and the South African built Buffel APCs, which are normally assigned to Vetteleikernai and were then brought into combat. On August 2nd the cavalry charge was led by Major Jinasena. He was followed by Major Rohan De Silva of 4/GR who commanded a squadron of Buffel APCs. Then the three infantry Brigades under Brigadier Wimalarathna , which included the newly arrived 7th Brigade under Colonel Gamini Angammana, went into action. On August 3rd 1991 our troops repeatedly intercepted LTTE messages such as,

"These devils are pouring in from all sides"

"We cannot resist them anymore"

On August 4th, the forward platoons in the Task Force reached the beleagured garrison singing their battle song 'Hela Jathika Abhimane'. A few hours latter General Kobbekaduwa came in on an Armoured car from his old regiment the 1/SLAC to congratulate his troops. He was greeted with the lusty singing of the theme song of war film 'Sandesaya'

Of Lt. Colonel Sanath Karunarathne and his six hundred officers and other ranks from the 6/SR it could surely be said,

"Theirs was not to reason why,

Theirs was to do and die."

Indeed our Arm can be justly proud of this battalion which held the beleagured garrison for four weeks under the most difficult of circumstance and gave the nation her first recipient of the Parama Weera Vibushanaya, our equivalent of Victoria Cross. By the same token the LTTE exhibited once again, as they did in Vadamarachchi in May 1987 and in Jaffna in October 1987(during the siege by General Depinder Singh), their magnificent skills in soldiering.

It is widely accapted that General Kobbekaduwa is the best known field commander produced by our army. A superb soldier he was also the epitome of an officer and gentleman in the true sense of the word. Indeed his humanitarian values were just as well as known as his skill in battle. Since 1990 the General-Officer-Commanding the Second Division based in the North, he had under him over 20,000 troops and had front extending over 100 Kilometres. Notwithstanding his legendary fame and the troops at his disposal, he was able to push the front northwards only at the rate of one kilometre per year. Such was the formidable enemy he faced.

Against that background his only option was an Inchon type of landing which General of the Army Doulas MacArthur of the United States planned and executed brilliantly in 1950 during the Korean war. General Kobbekaduwa advocated an amphibious landing on the Jaffna peninsula from the island of Kyts, which he would personally lead, and for Brigadier Vijaya Wimalaratne to lead another column into Jaffna from Palaly. The General hoped to capture the Jaffna peninsula in 15 days as against the 11 days taken by General Depinder Singh of the IPKF. He admitted that casualties would be heavy. After detailed discussions the three service Commanders vetoed this plan because of the heavy casualties it would entail.

However President Premadasa saw political advantage in the liberation of the Jaffna peninsula and finally approved the operation in August 1992. Genaral Kobbekaduwa was elated, though he was still mourning for his father who had died a few days earlier. To finalize plans he left his forward headquarters in Vavuniya for the Naval Base at Karainagar near Jaffna. On August 5th 1992, General Kobbekaduwa, Brigadier Wimalatatne and senior staff officers left Karainagar for Kayts. They were accompanied by Commodore Mohan Jayamaha, Naval Officer Commanding the North. After their reconnaissance mission, for some inexplicable reason all these senior officers got into one Land Rover. Tragically that vehicle was blown up by a mine. Everybody on board was killed except a batman who had both his legs amputated.